Researchers at Linköping University (LiU) and the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden have developed the world’s first transistor made of wood. Their study, published in the journal PNAS, paves the way for further development of wood-based electronics and control of electronic devices.
A transistor regulates the electrical current that passes through it and can also function as a power switch.
First invented almost one hundred years ago, transistors are considered by some to be an invention just as important to humanity as the telephone, the light bulb, or the bicycle.
Today, they are a crucial component in modern electronic devices and are manufactured at the nanoscale.
Made from balsa wood
Researchers at Linköping University, together with colleagues from the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, have now developed the world’s first electrical transistor made of wood.
Their findings have recently been published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), in a research paper titled “Electrical current modulation in wood electrochemical transistor“.
We’ve come up with an unprecedented principle. Yes, the wood transistor is slow and bulky, but it does work and has huge development potential, said Isak Engquist, Senior Associate Professor at the Laboratory for Organic Electronics at Linköping University, and one of the authors.
In previous trials, transistors made of wood have been able to regulate ion transport only. And when the ions run out, the transistor stops functioning.
The transistor developed by the Linköping researchers, however, can function continuously and regulate electricity flow without deteriorating.
The researchers used balsa wood to create their transistor, as the technology involved requires a grainless wood that is evenly structured throughout. They removed the lignin, leaving only long cellulose fibres with channels where the lignin had been.
These channels were then filled with a conductive plastic, or polymer, called PEDOT:PSS, resulting in an electrically conductive wood material.
The researchers used this to build the wood transistor and could show that it is able to regulate electric current and provide continuous function at a selected output level.
It could also switch the power on and off, albeit with a certain delay – switching it off took about a second; on, about five seconds.
We didn’t create the wood transistor with any specific application in mind. We did it because we could. This is basic research, showing that it’s possible, and we hope it will inspire further research that can lead to applications in the future, said Isak Engquist.
Regulation of electronic plants
Nonetheless, possible applications could include regulating electronic plants, which is another strong research area at Linköping University.
One advantage of the large transistor channel is that it could potentially tolerate a higher current than regular organic transistors, which could be important for certain future applications.
The study was financially supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation through the Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
