Trade logistics gap persists between developed and developing countries, new World Bank report

Despite this progress, the sixth edition of “Connecting to Compete” published on July 24 reveals a mixed picture. High-income countries score, on average, 48 percent higher than low-income countries when it comes to logistics performance.

Logistics services are the backbone of international trade. Good logistics reduce trade costs, but supply chains are only as strong as their weakest link. For developing countries, getting logistics right means improving their infrastructure, customs, skills and regulations, explained Caroline Freund, Director of the Macroeconomics, Trade & Investment (MTI) Global Practice at the World Bank Group.

The report, which contains the Logistics Performance Index (LPI), is a bi-annual report that scores 168 economies on how efficiently supply chains connect firms to domestic and international opportunities. The 2018 LPI highlights emerging concerns with the resilience of supply chains, their environmental footprint, and the need for qualified workers:

• A logistics labour shortage poses a challenge for both developed and developing countries alike. Developing countries seek more managerial-level workers, while developed countries face a shortage of blue-collar workers, such as truck drivers.
• High-income countries are more likely than low-income countries to be increasing their preparedness for cyber threats.
• High-income countries are more likely than low-income countries to seek logistics services that are environmentally friendly. This is important because carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from transport are a significant contributor to pollution.

Germany has the highest aggregate score over the past four LPI editions followed by Sweden, Belgium, Austria and Japan. High-income countries that are dominant players in the supply chain have ranked highest in logistics performance. Countries that rank lowest tend to be those that are low-income, isolated and fragile or facing conflict or unrest.

Among the lower-middle-income group countries, large economies such as India and Indonesia and emerging economies such as Vietnam and Côte d’Ivoire stand out as top performers.

With international trade becoming more dispersed through global value chains, good logistics are more important than ever. Small disruptions to a supply chain can spread rapidly to other countries and regions. Connecting to Compete and its Logistics Performance Index help governments understand the link between logistics, trade, and growth, and what policies are necessary for success, said Christina Wiederer, Economist with the World Bank Group’s Macroeconomics, Trade & Investment Global Practice and report co-author.