Renewable power costs remain low, making renewables not only the cheapest source of new electricity in most markets but also a prime geopolitical shock absorber to enhance energy security and economic stability, further strengthening their cost advantage over fossil fuels, according to a new International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) report.
The report, “Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2025“, released by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), estimates that more than 90 percent of the utility-scale renewable capacity added in 2025 was cheaper than the lowest-cost new fossil alternative.
The cost advantage of renewables over fossil fuels continued to widen. In 2025, solar PV remained at its 2024 level of US$44/MWh, while wind continued to improve, with onshore wind falling by 4 percent to US$33/MWh and offshore wind by 3 percent to US$78/MWh.
Conversely, for new gas-fired generation, a turbine shortage roughly doubled the capital cost of a new combined-cycle plant in the United States, while costs climbed towards US$100/MWh in high-gas-price markets such as Italy, Germany and Japan.
Furthermore, persistent uncertainty surrounding the crisis in the Middle East is likely to keep gas prices elevated throughout the year.
US$480 billion in avoided fossil-fuel costs
In total, installed renewables helped avoid an estimated US$480 billion in fossil-fuel costs in 2025, turning renewables into a geopolitical shock absorber against fossil-volatile systems in an energy crisis.
The decline in renewable energy costs is delivering a powerful economic dividend. For countries that still rely heavily on fossil fuels, every additional megawatt of renewables strengthens economic protection against fuel-price volatility, shielding consumers, businesses and public finances from higher costs. Savings generated by existing renewable assets grow, providing a built-in hedge against future shocks. This energy crisis has shown yet again: expanding renewable capacity is a strategic investment in resilience and competitiveness, remarked Francesco La Camera, Director-General of IRENA.
When the Strait of Hormuz closed in early 2026, causing import prices to spike across Asia and Europe, existing renewable electricity generation was a shock absorber, providing a crucial financial buffer.
Across the three import-exposed Southeast Asian economies Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines, for example- the existing renewable fleet avoided around US$5.7 billion in coal and gas purchases in 2025.
Valued at the higher fuel prices during the peak of the crisis in March-May 2026, those same volumes would have been worth US$6.5 billion.
The economic benefits of renewable power go well beyond generation costs. Across 20 major economies assessed, accounting for about four-fifths of the world’s renewable generation, renewable power in 2025 avoided an estimated US$377 billion in fossil-fuel purchases.
The geographic distribution of economic benefits closely mirrors the global distribution of renewable energy capacity.
China alone accounted for US$177 billion or around half of all cost savings, reflecting the scale of its renewable fleet. The US ranked second in avoided fossil fuel costs at US$35 billion, followed by Brazil at US$32 billion, India and Germany at US$18 billion, and Japan at US$15 billion.
Dramatic cost reduction
Since 2010, the cost of solar PV has fallen by 89 percent, concentrating solar by 72 percent, onshore wind by 71 percent, and offshore wind by 63 percent.
The massive expansion of manufacturing, especially in China, resulted in a highly competitive landscape characterised by thin margins and prices approaching production cost.
This phase of intense competition is shifting. Clean-tech manufacturing investment has halved, from a quarterly peak of US$70 billion in 2023 to US$35 billion by the end of 2025. And while China is reorganising its renewable industry, commodity and component prices are rising globally in parallel.
These developments, combined with a shifting trade and tariff landscape, are likely to exert upward pressure on total installed costs throughout this year.
Over the longer term, however, IRENA’s outlook suggests that costs will continue to decline to 2035, though far more slowly than before.
